BIOSYNTHESIS OF RARE 20(R)-PROTOPANAXADIOL/PROTOPANAXATRIOL TYPE GINSENOSIDES THROUGH ESCHERICHIA COLI ENGINEERED WITH URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE GENES

Background: Ginsenosides are known as the principal pharmacological active constituents in Panax medicinal plants such as Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and Notoginseng.Some ginsenosides, especially the 20(R) isomers, are found in trace amounts in natural sources and are difficult to chemically synthesize.The present study provides an approach to

Abstract Platelets, anucleate blood cells essential for hemostasis, are increasingly recognized for their role in cancer, challenging the traditional notion of their Heavy Duty Wheelchairs sole involvement in blood coagulation.It has been demonstrated that platelets establish bidirectional communication with tumor cells, contributing to tumor progr

Although not listed on the United States Lubricants Pharmacopeia (USP), like standard USP 2, small volume USP 2 dissolution apparatus has gained a great deal of attention, especially for cases where small amount of drug product is available for testing in research and design step or evaluations are to be made on a tablet containing trace amounts of

Recurring outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses serve as a reminder that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected.Therefore, multisectoral, transdisciplinary, and collaborative approaches are required at local, regional, and global levels to tackle the ever-increasing zoonotic threat.The ongoing pandemic of COV

Background and Objectives: Bidirectional signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain is vital for maintaining whole-body homeostasis.Moreover, emerging evidence implicates vagal afferent signaling in the modulation of host physiology by microbes, which are most abundant in the colon.This study aims to optimize and advance dissection